Benefit calculation
Bend points and PIA
Bend points divide average indexed monthly earnings into three bands. The PIA formula applies a different percentage to each band to find the basic benefit at full retirement age.
The one-minute answer
What this number means
For 2026, the PIA formula uses 90% of the first $1,286 of AIME, 32% of the part from $1,286 through $7,749 and 15% of the part above $7,749.
At a glance
The important numbers
Reference table
2026 primary insurance amount formula bands
| Part of AIME | Formula rate |
|---|---|
| First $1,286 | 90% |
| $1,286 to $7,749 | 32% |
| Over $7,749 | 15% |
Plain-language guide
How the rule works
What PIA means
PIA means primary insurance amount. It is the basic monthly retirement benefit at full retirement age before early-claiming reductions, delayed-retirement credits and some other adjustments.
AIME means average indexed monthly earnings. SSA calculates it from the person’s covered earnings record; this page does not have enough information to calculate a personal AIME.
Why the formula has three rates
The formula is progressive: the first band uses the highest percentage, the middle band uses a lower percentage and the amount above the second bend point uses the lowest percentage.
The bend points change by year. Use the year that applies to the worker’s eligibility rather than copying an old example.
Useful math
The 2026 formula in one view
Add the three pieces together, then apply the rules for the person’s claiming age and record.
Make it concrete
Worked example with a $4,000 AIME
- $1,286 × 90% = $1,157.40
- $4,000 − $1,286 = $2,714; $2,714 × 32% = $868.48
- $1,157.40 + $868.48 = $2,025.88
Bottom line: The rough PIA is about $2,025.88 before early or delayed claiming adjustments and final rounding. It is not a personal SSA estimate.
Quick answers
Common questions
What are the 2026 Social Security bend points?
The 2026 bend points are $1,286 and $7,749.
What does PIA stand for?
PIA stands for primary insurance amount. It is the basic benefit at full retirement age before certain claiming-age adjustments.
Can this formula calculate my benefit?
No. A personal calculation needs the official earnings record, indexing rules, AIME, eligibility details and the correct claiming assumptions.
This is an independent plain-language reference. Rules and personal amounts can change. Use the linked official source for the current rule that applies to your record.